Personality Disorders:Video Playlist and DSM Description

Image source - http://unitycounsellingservice.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/RDHTTVOV12_P111.jpg

Note the link of the video playlist below was uploaded in 2009, before the DSM 5 publication. So largely what is being discussed are those of  DSM4-TR.

 


Personality Disorders & DSM 4

Personality disorders
Cluster A (odd)
Paranoid    Schizoid    Schizotypal
Cluster B (dramatic)
Antisocial   Borderline   Histrionic    Narcissistic
Cluster C (anxious)
Avoidant   Dependent   Obsessive–compulsive
Not specified
Depressive    Passive-aggressive  Sadistic    Self-defeating    Psychopathy

Personality disorders are a class of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating markedly from those accepted by the individual's culture. These patterns develop early, are inflexible and are associated with significant distress or disability.^[1] The definitions may vary some according to other sources.^[2][3]

Official criteria for diagnosing personality disorders are listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association, and in the mental and behavioral disorders section of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, published by the World Health Organization. The DSM-5 published in 2013 now lists personality disorders in exactly the same way as other mental disorders, rather than on a separate 'axis' as previously.^[4]

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (currently the DSM-5) provides a definition of a General personality disorder that stress such disorders are an enduring and inflexible pattern of long duration that lead to significant distress or impairment and are not due to use of substances or another medical condition. DSM-5 lists ten personality disorders, grouped into three clusters. The DSM-5 also contains three diagnoses for personality patterns that do not match these ten disorders, but nevertheless exhibit characteristics of a personality disorder.^[18]

Cluster A (odd disorders)

• Paranoid personality disorder: characterized by a pattern of irrational suspicion and mistrust of others, interpreting motivations as malevolent
• Schizoid personality disorder: lack of interest and detachment from social relationships, and restricted emotional expression
• Schizotypal personality disorder: a pattern of extreme discomfort interacting socially, distorted cognitions and perceptions

Cluster B (dramatic, emotional or erratic disorders)

• Antisocial personality disorder: a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, lack of empathy
• Borderline personality disorder: pervasive pattern of instability in relationships, self-image, identity, behavior andaffects often leading to self-harm and impulsivity
• Histrionic personality disorder: pervasive pattern of attention-seeking behavior and excessive emotions
• Narcissistic personality disorder: a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and a lack of empathy

Cluster C (anxious or fearful disorders)

• Avoidant personality disorder: pervasive feelings of social inhibition and inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation
• Dependent personality disorder: pervasive psychological need to be cared for by other people.
• Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (not the same as obsessive-compulsive disorder): characterized by rigid conformity to rules, perfectionism and control

Other personality disorders

• Personality change due to another medical condition – is a personality disturbance due to the direct effects of a medical condition
• Other specified personality disorder – symptoms characteristic of a personality disorder but fails to meet the criteria for a specific disorder, with the reason given
• Personality disorder not otherwise specified

Signs and symptoms

In the workplace

Depending on the diagnosis, severity and individual, and the job itself, personality disorders can be associated with difficulty coping with work or the workplace - potentially leading to problems with others by interfering with interpersonal relationships. Indirect effects also play a role; for example, impaired educational progress or complications outside of work, such as substance abuse and co-morbid mental diseases, can plague sufferers. However, personality disorders can also bring about above-average work abilities by increasing competitive drive or causing the sufferer to exploit his or her co-workers.^[41][42]

In 2005, psychologists Belinda Board and Katarina Fritzon at the University of Surrey, UK, interviewed and gave personality tests to high-level British executives and compared their profiles with those of criminal psychiatric patients at Broadmoor Hospital in the UK. They found that three out of eleven personality disorders were actually more common in executives than in the disturbed criminals:

• Histrionic personality disorder: including superficial charm, insincerity, egocentricity and manipulation
• Narcissistic personality disorder: including grandiosity, self-focused lack of empathy for others, exploitativeness and independence.
• Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: including perfectionism, excessive devotion to work, rigidity, stubbornness and dictatorial tendencies.^[43]

According to leading leadership academic Manfred F.R. Kets de Vries, it seems almost inevitable these days that there will be some personality disorders in a senior management team.^[44]

Relationship with other mental disorders

The disorders in each of the three clusters may share some underlying common vulnerability factors involving cognition, affect and impulse control, and behavioral maintenance or inhibition, respectively, and may have a spectrum relationship to certain syndromal mental disorders:^[45]

• Paranoid or schizotypal personality disorders may be observed to be premorbid antecedents of delusional disorders orschizophrenia.

• Borderline personality disorder is seen in association with mood and anxiety disorders and with impulse control disorders, eating disorders, ADHD, or a substance use disorder.

• Avoidant personality disorder is seen with social anxiety disorder.

Diagnosis

The DSM-IV lists General diagnostic criteria for a personality disorder, which must be met in addition to the specific criteria for a particular named personality disorder. This requires that there be (to paraphrase):^[46]

• An enduring pattern of psychological experience and behavior that differs prominently from cultural expectations, as shown in two or more of: cognition (i.e. perceiving and interpreting the self, other people or events); affect (i.e. the range, intensity, lability, and appropriateness of emotional response); interpersonal functioning; or impulse control.
• The pattern must appear inflexible and pervasive across a wide range of situations, and lead to clinically significant distress or impairment in important areas of functioning.
• The pattern must be stable and long-lasting, have started as early as at least adolescence or early adulthood.
• The pattern must not be better accounted for as a manifestation of another mental disorder, or to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g. drug or medication) or a general medical condition (e.g. head trauma).

The ICD-10 'clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines' introduces its specific personality disorder diagnoses with some general guideline criteria that are similar. To quote:^[47]

• Markedly disharmonious attitudes and behavior, generally involving several areas of functioning; e.g. affectivity, arousal, impulse control, ways of perceiving and thinking, and style of relating to others;
• The abnormal behavior pattern is enduring, of long standing, and not limited to episodes of mental illness;
• The abnormal behavior pattern is pervasive and clearly maladaptive to a broad range of personal and social situations;
• The above manifestations always appear during childhood or adolescence and continue into adulthood;
• The disorder leads to considerable personal distress but this may only become apparent late in its course;
• The disorder is usually, but not invariably, associated with significant problems in occupational and social performance.

The ICD adds: "For different cultures it may be necessary to develop specific sets of criteria with regard to social norms, rules and obligations."

Source - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_disorder 


Personality Disorders & DSM 5

Personality disorders are associated with ways of thinking and feeling about oneself and others that
significantly and adversely affect how an individual functions in many aspects of life. They fall within
10 distinct types: paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, schizotypal personality
disorder, antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality, narcissistic personality disorder, avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

DSM-5 moves from the multiaxial system to a new assessment that removes the arbitrary boundaries
between personality disorders and other mental disorders. A hybrid model that included evaluation of impairments in personality functioning (how an individual typically experiences himself or herself as well as others) plus five broad areas of pathological personality traits. Although this hybrid proposal was not accepted for DSM-5’s main manual, it is included in Section III for further study. Using this alternate methodology, clinicians would assess personality and diagnose a personality disorder based on an individual’s particular difficulties in personality functioning and on specific patterns of those pathological traits.

The hybrid methodology retains six personality disorder types:
• Borderline Personality Disorder
• Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
• Avoidant Personality Disorder
• Schizotypal Personality Disorder
• Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Each type is defined by a specific pattern of impairments and traits. This approach also includes a diagnosis of Personality Disorder—Trait Specified (PD-TS) that could be made when a Personality Disorder is
considered present, but the criteria for a specific personality disorder are not fully met. For this diagnosis,
the clinician would note the severity of impairment in personality functioning and the problematic
personality trait(s). This hybrid dimensional-categorical model and its components seek to address existing issues with the categorical approach to personality disorders.

Source - http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/Personality%20Disorders%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf

Symptom, Diagnosis and Dysfunction

A symptom (from Greek σύμπτωμα, "accident, misfortune, that which befalls",^[1] from συμπίπτω, "I befall", from συν- "together, with" and πίπτω, "I fall") is a departure from normal function or feeling which is noticed by a patient, indicating the presence of disease or abnormality. A symptom is subjective,^[2] observed by the patient,^[3] and cannot be measured directly,^[4] whereas a sign is objectively observable. For example, paresthesia is a symptom (only the person experiencing it can directly observe their own tingling feeling), whereas erythema is a sign (anyone can confirm that the skin is redder than usual). Symptoms and signs are often nonspecific, but often combinations of them are at least suggestive of certain diagnoses.

Types of Symptoms 

1) Chronic, relapsing or remitting,  asymptomatic. 

2) Constitutional or general symptoms are those that are related to the systemic effects of a disease (e.g., fever, malaise, anorexia, and weight loss). They affect the entire body rather than a specific organ or location.

3) The terms "chief complaint", "presenting symptom", "iatrotropic symptom", or "presenting complaint" are used to describe the initial concern which brings a patient to a doctor. The symptom that ultimately leads to a diagnosis is called a "cardinal symptom".

4) Non-specific symptoms are those self-reported symptoms that do not indicate a specific disease process or involve an isolated body system. For example, fatigue is a feature of many acute and chronic medical conditions, whether physical or mental, and may be either a primary or secondary symptom. Fatigue is also a normal, healthy condition when experienced after exertion or at the end of a day.

5) Positive symptoms are symptoms that most individuals do not normally experience but are present in the disorder. It reflects an excess or distortion of normal functions (i.e., experiences and behaviours that have been added to a person’s normal way of functioning.^[8] Examples are hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior.^[5]

6) Negative symptoms are functions that are normally found in healthy persons, but that are diminished or not present in affected persons. Thus, it is something that has disappeared from a person’s normal way of functioning.^[8] Examples are social withdrawal, apathy, inability to experience pleasure and defects in attention control.^[6]

Symptom versus Sign

A symptom can more simply be defined as any feature which is noticed by the patient. A sign is noticed by other people. It is not necessarily the nature of the sign or symptom which defines it, but who observes it.

A feature might be a sign or a symptom, or both, depending on the observer(s). For example, a skin rash may be noticed by either a healthcare professional as a sign, or by the patient as a symptom. When it is noticed by both, then the feature is both a sign and a symptom.

Some features, such as pain, can only be symptoms, because they cannot be directly observed by other people. Other features can only be signs, such as a blood cell count measured in a medical laboratory.

Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptom

DIAGNOSIS

Diagnosis is the process of identifying a disorder by examining its signs and symptoms, an identification of a disorder by such a process (Oxford Dictionary of Psychology, 2009).

A diagnosis is a label to a set of symptoms that tend to occur with one another (Hoeksema).  

The diagnosis of a psychological disorder requires evaluation by a trained mental‐health professional and usually an interview, administration of a variety of personality tests (and in some cases, neuropsychological tests), and gathering of background (including medical) information about the individual. The mental‐health professional arrives at a diagnosis by comparing this information to that in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which uses a system devised by the American Psychiatric Association to classify psychological disorders (http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/psychology/psychology/abnormal-psychology/diagnosis-of-psychological-disorders).

DYSFUNCTION

Dysfunction means abnormality or deviation from the norms of social behavior in a way regarded as maladaptive or impaired. 

It is a deficit in the ability to perform tasks. It is often a result of effects of symptoms but there is not always a direct correlation (Cara and MacRae, 2005). 

Ateneo de Naga University Holds Regional Orientation on the Licensure Examination for Psychologists and Psychometricians

College of Arts and Sciences, Psychology Department and The Graduate School of Ateneo de Naga University in partnership with The Psychological Association of the Philippines (PAP) and the Professional Regulatory Board of Psychology will hold a Regional Orientation on the Licensure Examination for Psychologists and Psychometrician on 9 August 2014  at 8 AM - 5PM at the Arrupe Convention Center, Ateneo de Naga University, Ateneo Avenue, Naga City. 

For inquiries call:
Office of the Psychology Department
472-2368/ 472-2631 / 473-9773 loc 2591

Image Source -https://www.facebook.com/148851815387/photos/a.10150469570850388.363899.148851815387/10152144356460388/?type=1&theater

Link source - PAP - https://www.facebook.com/148851815387/photos/a.10150469570850388.363899.148851815387/10152144356460388/?type=1 

Related link: http://psychometricpinas.blogspot.com/2014/06/psychology-first-profession-to-offer.html

Infographics: Stigma and Mental Health

Source - http://www.visualistan.com/2014/06/stop-stigma-realities-of-mental-health.html

Poll: Handa ka na ba para sa 2014 Psychometrician Licensure Exam?

Image source - http://sd.keepcalm-o-matic.co.uk/i/keep-calm-only-99-days-to-go.png

99 days to go before the 2014 Psychometrician Licensure Exam, are you ready? Still reading and reviewing? What are your review strategies? For most of us doing self-review have you covered most of the subjects?

It is advised to focus your attention on the TOS and familiarize yourself with outcome-based assessment - here and here. 

We hope soon we can post sample of our outcome-based quizzes.

So until then, we hope to see you all the exam date and of course the oath taking of Psychometrician Board Passers! 
 

DSM5 Diagnostic Criteria and Coding

Image source - http://www.psychiatry.org/Image%20Library/Publications/DSM-5_3D.gif

From the list below there are 20 Diagnostic Criteria under the new DSM5 (2013). Which among the list would likely be included in the licensure exam? For us at TR Review we based our consideration from the Course Specifications provided by CHED which includes the following:

• Disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood or adolescence                             

• Cognitive Disorders                                                                                                      

• Substance-related Disorders                                                                                                     

• Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders                                                                               

• Mood Disorders                                                                                                                        

• Anxiety Disorders                                                                                                                     

• Dissociative Disorders                                                                                                              

• Personality Disorders

Note:  we are not saying these will be the only topics (criteria) that  will be covered, but we suggest to give emphasis in your review. As future Psychometrician would you think these criteria will be useful? We think they are. 

But please do not limit yourself in learning only these criteria but also learn the rest of the criteria: the nuances, similarities and relatedness of some with the other criteria. We included in the description of each criteria a summary from wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5

Diagnostic Criteria 

Source - http://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Practice/DSM/DSM-5/DSM-5-TOC.pdf

1) Neurodevelopmental Disorders

a) Intellectual Disabilities
Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)
Global Developmental Delay
Unspecified Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)

b) Communication Disorders
Language Disorder
Speech Sound Disorder (previously Phonological Disorder)
Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering)
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
Unspecified Communication Disorder

c)Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder

d) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Other Specified Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Unspecified Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

e) Specific Learning Disorder
Specific Learning Disorder

f) Motor Disorders
Developmental Coordination Disorder
Stereotypic Movement Disorder
Tic Disorders
Tourette’s Disorder
Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
Provisional Tic Disorder
Other Specified Tic Disorder
Unspecified Tic Disorder

g) Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Other Specified Neurodevelopmental Disorder
Unspecified Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Neurodevelopmental disorders

• "Mental retardation" has a new name: "intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder)."^[4]

• Phonological disorder and stuttering are now called communication disorders—which include language disorder, speech sound disorder, childhood-onset fluency disorder, and a new condition characterized by impaired social verbal and nonverbal communication called social (pragmatic) communication disorder.^[4]

• Autism spectrum disorder incorporates Asperger disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) - see Diagnosis of Asperger syndrome#Proposed changes to DSM-5.^[5]

• A new sub-category, motor disorders, encompasses developmental coordination disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, and the tic disorders including Tourette syndrome.^[6]

                                                                      Source -  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5

2) Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizotypal (Personality) Disorder
Delusional Disorder
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Schizophreniform Disorder
Schizophrenia
Schizoaffective Disorder
Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder
Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition

a) Catatonia
Catatonia Associated With Another Mental Disorder (Catatonia Specifier)
Catatonic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Unspecified Catatonia
Other Specified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorder
Unspecified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorder

Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

• All subtypes of schizophrenia were deleted (paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, and residual).^[2]

• A major mood episode is required for schizoaffective disorder (for a majority of the disorder's duration after criterion A [related to delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior, and negative symptoms such as avolition] is met).^[2]

• Criteria for delusional disorder changed, and it is no longer separate from shared delusional disorder.^[2]

• Catatonia in all contexts requires 3 of a total of 12 symptoms. Catatonia may be a specifier for depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders; part of another medical condition; or of another specified diagnosis.^[2]

                                                                    Source -  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5

3) Bipolar and Related Disorders

Bipolar I Disorder
Bipolar II Disorder
Cyclothymic Disorder
Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar and Related Disorder
Bipolar and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Other Specified Bipolar and Related Disorder
Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorder

4) Depressive Disorders

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder, Single and Recurrent Episodes
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder
Depressive Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Other Specified Depressive Disorder
Unspecified Depressive Disorder

Depressive disorders

• The bereavement exclusion in DSM-IV was removed from depressive disorders in DSM-5.^[8]

• New disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)^[9] for children up to age 18 years.^[2]

• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder moved from an appendix for further study, and became a disorder.^[2]

• Specifiers were added for mixed symptoms and for anxiety, along with guidance to physicians for suicidality.^[2]

• The term dysthymia now also would be called persistent depressive disorder.

                                                                        Source -  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5

5) Anxiety Disorders

Separation Anxiety Disorder
Selective Mutism
Specific Phobia
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
Panic Disorder
Panic Attack (Specifier)
Agoraphobia
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Other Specified Anxiety Disorder
Unspecified Anxiety Disorder

Anxiety disorders

• For the various forms of phobias and anxiety disorders, DSM-5 removes the requirement that the subject (formerly, over 18 years old) "must recognize that their fear and anxiety are excessive or unreasonable". Also, the duration of at least 6 months now applies to everyone (not only to children).^[2]

• Panic attack became a specifier for all DSM-5 disorders.^[2]

• Panic disorder and agoraphobia became two separate disorders.^[2]

• Specific types of phobias became specifiers but are otherwise unchanged.^[2]

• The generalized specifier for social anxiety disorder (formerly, social phobia) changed in favor of a performance only (i.e., public speaking or performance) specifier.^[2]

• Separation anxiety disorder and selective mutism are now classified as anxiety disorders (rather than disorders of early onset).^[2]

                                                                     Source -  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5

6) Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Hoarding Disorder
Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder)
Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder
Substance/Medication-Induced Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Other Specified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder
Unspecified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder

7) Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

Reactive Attachment Disorder
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Acute Stress Disorder
Adjustment Disorders
Other Specified Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorder
Unspecified Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorder

8) Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative Amnesia
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
Other Specified Dissociative Disorder
Unspecified Dissociative Disorder

Dissociative disorders

• Depersonalization disorder is now called depersonalization/derealization disorder.^[15]

• Dissociative fugue became a specifier for dissociative amnesia.^[2]

• The criteria for dissociative identity disorder were expanded to include "possession-form phenomena and functional neurological symptoms". It is made clear that "transitions in identity may be observable by others or self-reported".^[2]Criterion B was also modified for people who experience gaps in recall of everyday events (not only trauma).^[2]

                                                                      Source -  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5

9) Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

Somatic Symptom Disorder
Illness Anxiety Disorder
Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)
Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions
Factitious Disorder
Other Specified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder
Unspecified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder

10) Feeding and Eating Disorders

Pica
Rumination Disorder
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge-Eating Disorder
Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder
Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder

11) Elimination Disorders

Enuresis
Encopresis
Other Specified Elimination Disorder
Unspecified Elimination Disorder

12) Sleep-Wake Disorders

Insomnia Disorder
Hypersomnolence Disorder
Narcolepsy

a) Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea
Central Sleep Apnea
Sleep-Related Hypoventilation
Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders

b) Parasomnias
Non–Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorders
 Sleepwalking
 Sleep Terrors
Nightmare Disorder
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
Restless Legs Syndrome
Substance/Medication-Induced Sleep Disorder
Other Specified Insomnia Disorder
Unspecified Insomnia Disorder
Other Specified Hypersomnolence Disorder
Unspecified Hypersomnolence Disorder
Other Specified Sleep-Wake Disorder
Unspecified Sleep-Wake Disorder

13) Sexual Dysfunctions

Delayed Ejaculation
Erectile Disorder
Female Orgasmic Disorder
Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder
Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration DisorderDSM-5 Table of Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
Premature (Early) Ejaculation
Substance/Medication-Induced Sexual Dysfunction
Other Specified Sexual Dysfunction
Unspecified Sexual Dysfunction

14) Gender Dysphoria

Gender Dysphoria
Other Specified Gender Dysphoria
Unspecified Gender Dysphoria

15) Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders

Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Conduct Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Pyromania
Kleptomania
Other Specified Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorder
Unspecified Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorder

16) Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

a) Substance-Related Disorders
 Substance Use Disorders
 Substance-Induced Disorders
 Substance Intoxication and Withdrawal
 Substance/Medication-Induced Mental Disorders

b) Alcohol-Related Disorders
 Alcohol Use Disorder
 Alcohol Intoxication
 Alcohol Withdrawal
 Other Alcohol-Induced Disorders
 Unspecified Alcohol-Related Disorder

c) Caffeine-Related Disorders
 Caffeine Intoxication
 Caffeine Withdrawal
 Other Caffeine-Induced Disorders
 Unspecified Caffeine-Related Disorder

d) Cannabis-Related Disorders
 Cannabis Use Disorder
 Cannabis Intoxication
 Cannabis Withdrawal
 Other Cannabis-Induced Disorders
 Unspecified Cannabis-Related Disorder

e) Hallucinogen-Related Disorders
 Phencyclidine Use Disorder
 Other Hallucinogen Use Disorder
 Phencyclidine Intoxication
 Other Hallucinogen Intoxication
 Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder
 Other Phencyclidine-Induced Disorders
 Other Hallucinogen-Induced Disorders
 Unspecified Phencyclidine-Related Disorder
 Unspecified Hallucinogen-Related Disorder

f) Inhalant-Related Disorders
 Inhalant Use Disorder
 Inhalant Intoxication
 Other Inhalant-Induced Disorders
 Unspecified Inhalant-Related Disorder

g) Opioid-Related Disorders
 Opioid Use Disorder
 Opioid Intoxication
 Opioid Withdrawal
 Other Opioid-Induced Disorders
 Unspecified Opioid-Related Disorder

h) Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Related Disorders
 Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Use Disorder
 Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Intoxication
 Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Withdrawal
 Other Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Induced Disorders
 Unspecified Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Related Disorder

i) Stimulant-Related Disorders
 Stimulant Use Disorder
 Stimulant Intoxication
 Stimulant Withdrawal
 Other Stimulant-Induced Disorders
 Unspecified Stimulant-Related Disorder

j) Tobacco-Related Disorders
 Tobacco Use Disorder
 Tobacco Withdrawal
 Other Tobacco-Induced Disorders
 Unspecified Tobacco-Related Disorder

k) Other (or Unknown) Substance–Related Disorders
 Other (or Unknown) Substance Use Disorder
 Other (or Unknown) Substance Intoxication
 Other (or Unknown) Substance Withdrawal
 Other (or Unknown) Substance–Induced Disorders
 Unspecified Other (or Unknown) Substance–Related Disorder

l) Non-Substance-Related Disorders
Gambling Disorder

Substance-related and addictive disorders

• Gambling disorder and tobacco use disorder are new.^[2]

• Substance abuse and substance dependence from DSM-IV-TR have been combined into single substance use disorders specific to each substance of abuse within a new "addictions and related disorders" category.^[23] "Recurrent legal problems" was deleted and "craving or a strong desire or urge to use a substance" was added to the criteria.^[2]The threshold of the number of criteria that must be met was changed.^[2] Severity from mild to severe is based on the number of criteria endorsed.^[2] Criteria for cannabis and caffeine withdrawal were added.^[2] New specifiers were added for early and sustained remission along with new specifiers for "in a controlled environment" and "on maintenance therapy".^[2]

                                                                       Source -  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5

17) Neurocognitive Disorders

Delirium
Other Specified Delirium
Unspecified Delirium

a) Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders
Major Neurocognitive Disorder
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Alzheimer’s Disease
Major or Mild Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder
Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder With Lewy Bodies
Major or Mild Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder
Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Traumatic Brain Injury
Substance/Medication-Induced Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to HIV Infection
Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Prion Disease
Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Parkinson’s Disease
Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Huntington’s Disease
Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Multiple Etiologies
Unspecified Neurocognitive Disorder

Neurocognitive disorders

• Dementia and amnestic disorder became major or mild neurocognitive disorder (major NCD, or mild NCD).^[2][24] DSM-5 has a new list of neurocognitive domains.^[2] "New separate criteria are now presented" for major or mild NCD due to various conditions.^[2] Substance/medication-induced NCD and unspecified NCD are new diagnoses.^[2]

                                                                     Source -  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5

18) Personality Disorders

General Personality Disorder

a) Cluster A Personality Disorders
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder

b) Cluster B Personality Disorders
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder

c) Cluster C Personality Disorders
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

d) Other Personality Disorders
Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition
Other Specified Personality Disorder
Unspecified Personality Disorder

Personality disorders

• Personality disorder previously belonged to a different axis than almost all other disorders, but is now in one axis with all mental and other medical diagnoses.^[26] However, the same ten types of personality disorder are retained.^[26]

                                                                     Source - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5

19) Paraphilic Disorders

Voyeuristic Disorder
Exhibitionistic Disorder
Frotteuristic Disorder
Sexual Masochism Disorder
Sexual Sadism Disorder
Pedophilic Disorder
Fetishistic Disorder
Transvestic Disorder
Other Specified Paraphilic Disorder
Unspecified Paraphilic Disorder

20) Other Mental Disorders

Other Specified Mental Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Unspecified Mental Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Other Specified Mental Disorder
Unspecified Mental Disorder

Diagnostic Criteria Coding

Read more here - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5_codes

Important notes on the new DSM5:

To increase the utility to the clinician, the new version replaces the NOS (not otherwise specified) categories with two options: 

1) other specified disorder  - allows the clinician to specify the reason that the criteria for a specific disorder are not met

2) unspecified disorder - allows the clinician the option to forgo specification.

DSM-5 has discarded the multiaxial system of diagnosis (formerly Axis I, Axis II, Axis III), listing all disorders in Section II. It has replaced Axis IV with significant psychosocial and contextual features and dropped Axis V (Global Assessment of Functioning, known as GAF). The World Health Organization's (WHO) Disability Assessment Schedule is added to Section III (Emerging measures and models) under Assessment Measures, as a suggested, but not required, method to assess functioning.^[3]

Source - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-5

Related Links:

http://psychometricpinas.blogspot.com/2013/09/information-from-site-of-dsm-5.html

http://psychometricpinas.blogspot.com/2014/03/dsm-5-update-for-counselors-students.html

http://psychometricpinas.blogspot.com/2013/07/critical-look-at-dsm-or-state-of.html

Infographics: Mental Health and Diversity in the US

Infographics source - http://www.psychiatry.org/practice/professional-interests/diversity/diversity-month/mental-health-and-diverse-populations-at-a-glance

Mental Health and Diverse Populations at a Glance

DIVERSITY MENTAL HEALTH MONTH MAIN PAGE

PDF VERSION

References